The course will examine the development of African nationalism and the demand for independence from the 1930s to the 1970s in Ghana, Nigeria, Kenya, Uganda, Tanganyika and Zanzibar, Malawi and Zambia, and Zimbabwe. We shall examine the impact of the 1930s depression, the Italian invasion of Ethiopia in 1935-36, World War II, the "second colonial occupation" and the years of austerity in the 1940s, and the explosion of nationalist demands in the 1950s (including the "Mau Mau" movement in Kenya), the attainment of independence for most in the 1960s, and the protracted struggle for African rule in Zimbabwe (Rhodesia), which did not gain independence until 1980 after the 1979 Lancaster House Agreement ended the military struggle.
