The 19th century was a time of great change across Europe, as the basis of the economy was shifting from agrarian to industrial, a development that led to urban growth and the rise of the middle class. It was a time when philosophers and scientists questioned deeply held beliefs and when kingdoms ruled by monarchs were challenged by demands for democratic states governed by laws. It is against this background we shall consider Henrik Ibsen, the playwright who revolutionized modern drama by bringing the public sphere, politics and economics, into the intimate sphere of the drawing room. Our focus will be on two plays, “Pillars of Society” (1877) and “Rosmersholm” (1886), which class participants are encouraged to read. We will learn about Ibsen and his times in lecture. The real learning will come from the ideas and observations we share while discussing the plays in class!
