Community Ed - Prescott   

Being able to rapidly calm our mind and relax is a wonderful resource to develop and master. It doesn't take years of training or visiting a monastery in Nepal. It does however, require allowing your imagination to be directed and focused on a few ideas and your ability to follow easy-to-do instructions. The body knows how to relax, all on its own, and the mind knows how to clear itself, all on its own. During these highly enjoyable and deeply relaxing group hypnosis/guided imagery sessions, your mind will discover how to calm itself, whether it's going to sleep, waking up, or throughout the day when needing to be focused, on task, or simply needing to enjoy the present moment. Jerry Zaryczny CHt works with clients around the country from his office in downtown Prescott.

This seminar will challenge the participant to look at Chemical Dependency in the family system from an innovative point of view. It will include practical therapeutic encounters for education, therapy and intervention. It will also challenge beliefs and concepts that participants may assume to be true. This seminar is an interactive workshop facilitated by a licensed Chemical Dependency counselor and published author. Plan a half-hour lunch break. Optional book, “Healing the Wound: The Family's Journey through Chemical Dependency” may be purchased from instructor for $10.

This course is designed for Law Enforcement Professionals and other First Responders. It will cover topics such as first aid, CPR, AED, casualty combat care, IFAK kit applications and other injuries and illnesses that front-line officers, deputies and or troopers may encounter while performing their everyday duties. This course will also teach tactics related to officer down evacuations and treatment, civilian casualties, and threat mitigation.

Online component opens Monday, October 17. In-person trainings will meet Fridays, 9am – 4 pm on 10/21, 10/28, 11/4, & 11/18/22.

Students will learn the purpose of the kingdom of fungi, the connection of fungi to all living things, nature’s lifecycle of mushrooms, and how mushroom farmers mimic nature. Learn about the nutritional and medicinal benefits of mushrooms, how to choose which mushrooms to grow and the steps to farm safe, high-quality mushrooms. Kathryn Crew is the owner of Fungi-licious! And is the mushroom cultivator. Kathryn is a certified dietary manager, production horticulturist and speaker. Students will receive mushroom cultures to launch their own mushroom farm.

The relationship between colonizing European peoples and the native cultures of what is now the United States has ranged from policies of racism and genocide to well-intentioned (at the time) paternalism and much between. This class will provide a broad overview of the ever-shifting attitudes and policies of the English colonists and, after the Revolutionary War, of the United States towards the native inhabitants of North America. We will talk about treaties (most broken), forced migrations, warfare and cultural suppression - an uncomfortably true American tragedy, in the early days, of which the instructor’s ancestors played a significant role.

This non-credit course is designed for Nurses, EMT’s, and First Responders and will cover CPR for victims of all ages. Includes ventilation with a barrier device, a bag-valve-mask device and oxygen, and use of an automated external defibrillator (AED), assist a choking victim. Meets the requirements of Healthcare Provider CPR & AED by the American Heart Association. American Heart Association Provider Card will be issued.

 

Want to become a sharp shooter and have a great time learning the basics of pocket billiards? This class will take your pool skills to the next level through individualized instruction on aim, stance, stroke and position play. Use practice drills to elevate your shooting skills while learning the rules and strategies of 8 Ball and other popular games. Expert instruction is provided by a Collegiate and Billiard Congress of America national champion. Barefoot Bob’s in Prescott Valley is the location for all classes. Detailed instructional handouts are available from the instructor at no cost. Students must be at least 21 years of age to enroll in this course. Bring your own cue or use available house cues

Genealogical Timelines help examine an ancestor’s life to uncover gaps in research, and/or inconsistencies. Timelines are an organizational tool which should be in every researcher’s toolbox; especially, when facing brick wall challenges or writing an ancestor’s story. Learn how and why to augment timeline tools provided by popular genealogical software programs, and/or how to build a custom timeline without a genealogical software program.

This class is designed for beginners and those who just want to start bellydancing again. Students will learn basic techniques such as shimmies, isolations, and traveling steps. Classes may include a choreography or short combinations to help you to understand how the movements can be linked.  Students will be introduced to topics in bellydance history, as well as Middle Eastern Rhythms to gain a better appreciation of the cultures that created the dance. 

This workshop takes place at the instructor’s home art studio and allows for a personal exploration into the idea of hand-building with clay as a doorway to the spirit. Art making is inherently spiritual, and spirituality is an important ingredient in becoming more whole. This workshop is designed to explore the idea of creating art as a spiritual practice, a way to access the divine and to foster healing and wholeness. The visual dimension of art and the visceral experience of creating has a wisdom of its own, a healing power, and the potential for connection with the divine that words cannot achieve. Projects will be inspired by spiritual and ritual objects. No previous experience with clay is required. Basics of hand-building will be covered.  

This class will focus on becoming familiar with the advantages and limitations of this media. The instructor will supply the photo reference for each of the six exercises. A different subject for each week. The emphasis will be on basic colors and shapes. Detail will be addressed in the Intermediate level class. Eye to hand drawing will be replaced with the proven Trace & Transfer Method. The instructor will draw each exercise along with the class. This a noncredit fun class. If a student prefers to draw eye to hand that will be their choice. If the student has their own art supplies bring them to class.

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This course will be a collection of head studies and full body compositions of the following birds of Arizona: Cardinal, Hummingbird, and Quail. Photo reference for all the birds will be supplied by the instructor. Drawing with wax base-colored pencils or water-soluble colored pencils or alternating between the two will be up to the individual student. This class is open to all levels. Students will be introduced to the Trace and Transfer Drawing Method. The instructor will Illustrate each exercise and will walk the class through the drawing process of each bird. Samples of the Instructor's Artwork is on display in our YC Library for the students review.

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Feeling a little ungrounded and disconnected from your creative side? Then come and get your hands dirty and reconnect to your personal creative expression using Earth's most primal element - Clay! Emphasis will be on relaxing and enjoying the process of opening up to creative expression through the experience of working with clay. We will start with a basic introduction, and then students will progress through hand-building techniques, including pinch pots, coil building, slab construction, press molds and more. We will finish with glazing all of our pieces on the last day. Arrangements will be made for project pick-up. This is a beginner level class. Class is limited to 10 students. Sign up Early! All supplies included in tuition.

This is an intermediate Creative Clay class that builds on the basic skills learned in the beginner Creative Clay class, which is a prerequisite. This workshop is held at the artist's home studio, allowing for greater freedom of exploration and discovery. There will be a short refresher on the basics of hand-building techniques, introduction to several other advanced techniques that build on those basics, and plenty of time to experiment and create during the first 13-hour weekend. On the final day, our 4.5-hour glazing time will introduce more advanced glazing techniques such as oxide stains. This class takes a workshop format consisting of 13 hours of instruction on the weekend of November 12 and 13 (9:30am - 4:00pm each day) and concludes on November 19 (9:30am - 2:00pm). All supplies included in tuition. Previous experience in working with clay is required.

For over 30 years, this class has taught retirees how to confidently make investment decisions and identify the results they want.  If you feel overwhelmed or intimidated by investment decisions, the information in this class can get you started on a proven path to financial security.  The class format is easy, and we will cover many investments preferred by investors in or close to retirement.  Learn the good, the bad and the ugly about stocks, bonds, mutual funds, annuities and more.  Topics include: smart IRA strategies, common investment mistakes to avoid, and simple risk reducing strategies that anyone can use. Bring your questions.  No investments will be offered or promoted.

Learn Excel spreadsheet features in this hands-on course in the PC lab. Start with the basics of getting around, move to typing simple formulas, then use the Formula tab for more advanced results. Use copy and paste in Excel and learn the difference between relative and absolute cell references. Use formatting with the View and Layout tabs to improve readability on screen and on the printed page. Create tables, charts and graphs, drop-down choices, and a simple pivot table. Required: beginning knowledge of MS Office, keyboarding, and mouse skills. Please bring a USB drive to each class

Are you an Empath or Highly Sensitive Person? Have you ever been told that you are too sensitive? Would you like to feel less susceptible to overwhelm and have more resilience? In this 3-day workshop, you will be given experiential and practical tools to: 

• Learn some of the best methods to prevent emotional and energetic fatigue!
• Energy techniques to help you keep strong and centered---even around difficult people.
• Increase your ability to feel greater RESILIENCE in combination with your sensitivity!

Some of most challenging evidence/records to find for American Ancestors include records dated between 1750-1850. This class will share tools to trace your family history to discover and/or trace your “gateway” ancestor and/or resources to complete applications for popular lineage societies, such as DAR (Daughters of the American Revolution), SAR (Sons of the American Revolution), the Mayflower Society or Daughters/Sons of the American Colonists. 
Join us as we explore how to become more successful in connecting the generations from the establishment of the United States of America up until 1850, when US Census records begin to list specific members of each household and the creation of Governmental Vital Records becomes more prevalent. The class will review available resources and records from this period of American History.

The class everyone has been asking for: a chance to practice speaking and hearing German and improve your conversational skills. This basic German conversation course will prepare you for traveling in the many German-speaking countries. Master everyday phrases for survival situations such as shopping, dining and what to say when you are lost. Cultural background information and fun learning will be tailored to the participants to boost confidence and excitement about speaking and understanding German. All new materials provided.

Continue to practice your German in this fun conversational course. Using games and role-playing to boost your confidence in German communication skills, you will be amazed at how much progress you make. Language is a “use it or lose it” skill, and this is the way to help make the most of your trip to any German-speaking country, surprise German family members or chat with your new German-speaking friends. Prerequisite: Beginning German Conversation or conversational familiarity with the language. All new materials provided!

Your body is teaming with millions of microorganisms! …. known as your microbiome and found primary in your gut. We’ll examine the impact these microorganisms have on our health, both in our gut and from consuming probiotic fermented foods. Be amazed by how fermenting organisms in our bodies modulate our immune systems and overall wellbeing, and the importance of probiotics in our diet. Fermentation permeates every aspect of our lives, and from this class you’ll get a tour of fermentation within us and around us, plus we’ll make some tasty treats.

In this course, we will review some topics from Introduction to Digital Photography and address any questions you may have. We will discuss Portrait and Landscape mode and how they are used when talking a photo. Using an on-camera and off- camera flash. We will talk about the benefits of shooting in RAW vs JPEG and why it is important to understand both formats. We will cover photo file management and why it is important in digital photography. We will talk about Lightroom and Photograph and alternatives. 

The second part of the class you will participate in a class project, taking portraits of each other to get the best image possible. You will learn about landscape photography and working with a tripod when shooting portraits and landscapes. And, finally the best way of taking photos of family members and animals.

Requirements: You have taken Introduction to Digital Photography, or you have a strong understanding of how to operate your camera. Pen and paper are suggested. Bring a functioning camera with a charged battery and a flash card.

This course is designed for individuals that are new to digital photography. You will learn about what a RAW and JPEG file are and how they relate to digital images (photos). We will learn what Aperture, Shutter Speed, Manual Mode, and automatic settings, and how they are used. You will be introduced to Color Space, White Balance, and some of the settings on your camera.

We will cover photo editing programs like Lightroom and Photoshop and how they are integrated in the retouching of digital photographs. We will talk about how to display your images and see examples of photo book making with your photographs. We will talk about Telephoto and Prime lens. Types of photographs; Portraits, Landscapes, and wildlife. Lastly, Facebook, Instagram, Shutterbug, Zenfolio, and iPhone will be discussed.

Requirements:

Bring a digital camera in good working order with a charged battery and a CF Flash Card in the camera. Bring your camera manual, pen and paper and a willingness to begin a great journey in digital photography. And finally, you should be familiar with how to use a computer and be able to create a folder on your computer.

In this class we will go over everything you need to know to get started on your sewing journey! From plugging in your machine to completing your first project, you will walk out of here ready to start sewing at home! We will go over how to operate any home sewing machine, shopping for beginner fabrics, & practice exercises. Students will leave with two completed projects: a French seamed pillowcase and a beginner apron. Fabric will be provided for the pillowcase project, but students will need to purchase apron fabric AFTER being given fabric requirements in class. Sewing machines are provided, but students must bring fabric scissors, pins & pin cushion, small scissors/snips, soft measuring tape, & a seam ripper.

Major rule changes for IRA, 401(k), 403(b), TSA, SEP and other savings plans may affect your retirement. Discover how to use IRAs to have the most money when you retire. Subjects include easily avoiding common IRA mistakes that can devastate your retirement, inherited IRAs, consolidating accounts, avoiding IRA taxation, the best beneficiary designation strategy for you, Roth IRA conversions, easy ways to handle IRA distributions to make your money last and proven investment practices to get the results you want from your retirement plan. Don’t miss this opportunity to make the most of your retirement plan savings.

Do you understand the difference between an exchange-traded fund and a mutual fund? How about a municipal bond or how annuities work? Investing doesn’t have to be complicated. With so many options, research, and analysis available to today’s investors, making good decisions can seem overwhelming. Gain a working glossary to understand the world of investing. Learn a basic structure to assist in deductive decisions, and a fundamental framework to discuss the global marketplace. There will be time to learn about some of the pitfalls in financial planning and shared tips and insights on working with attorneys, accountants and advisors.

An introduction to leather working – the art of tooling leather to make art or useful leather items that are both attractive and personalized. Learn the terms and history of leather working and how to use the tools. Build tooling skills with guidance as you create a beginner’s project. Supply list provided for students to purchase at estimated cost of $195.

Love is an intensely deep emotion.  Some people don't ever say the word for fear that it will give the wrong impression or because we never heard it ourselves.  Others say it often with sincerity and blessing.  This course explores the meaning of love, communication, behavior, when love goes wrong (gaslighting, codependency, shame, guilt, and arguments), dives into the meaning of life and death, and love beyond the grave.

Utilizing the popular Ancestry.com subscription website, these three sessions of a beginner’s class will address the difference between “search” and “research.” You will learn how to build a family tree at Ancestry.com, locate relevant evidence to support tracing an ancestor’s life (including DNA matching tools) and how to connect generations. Basic computer skills and a subscription to Ancestry.com are required. (Note: If you have not previously used Ancestry.com, they typically offer a 14-day free trial, which could be partially used for the purpose of this course.)

Join in the Gelli Printing Craze and create your own papers to use in collages, journals, altered books, and more. You will learn how to prepare the Gelli Plate, choose paints and stencils, and make a series of prints that will be unique and fun. Using a variety of papers and stencils, you will see how the paints take to the different surfaces. Dress for a mess. A $20 materials fee payable to instructor at the first class.

Muscle-Testing is a simple yet powerful skill. This easy-to-learn method can be a very helpful part of making good choices in important areas of your life, with clarity and confidence. You will learn to muscle-test for information that can be used to help you make optimal choices in your selection of foods and supplements, and even in your relationships, work, and other important areas of your life. The class will include 4 muscle-testing techniques and 9 proven methods to maximize accuracy. We will also cover how to integrate information from muscle-testing with information from other sources of information. This class is practical and fun, and we will emphasize helping participants to learn methods to maximize your accuracy using this technique. It's important to attend both class meetings. A workbook is included in tuition.

Have an idea but don’t know where to go with it? Outline your novel in this class through a basic understanding of story structure, how it is used, and how to apply it to your own idea. This class will mix some short readings with some writing exercises. The online delivery is asynchronous for each student to complete the readings and the suggested writings at their own pace.

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Saturday, October 23, 2021
Reserve by Oct. 15.
Join expert paranormal investigator Terri Cafazzo for a pre-Halloween walking tour of the most haunted locations in downtown Prescott. Tuition includes lunch at the historic Palace Saloon on Whiskey Row. Be prepared to visit a few mysterious locations on this walking tour! Walking on uneven sidewalks for approximately 2 miles (roundtrip) with frequent stops. Activity Rating: 1. 

Instructor: Terri Cafazzo $80 per person - Tuition includes paranormal investigator instruction, admissions, and lunch. Departs 10AM from downtown meeting location. View Refund/Cancellation Policy.

 

Prescott is one of Arizona’s most published haunted places. Come to understand why souls continue to reside here & experience communication through connections with the other side. Learn the how & why of the supernatural by exploring automatic writing, seance, dowsing, the use of paranormal equipment & the truth from those who have had N.D.E (Near Death Experience). Feel the time travel as we turn the clock back to early days of our pioneer cemetery residents sparking Prescott history to life as we meet those who continue to walk among us. Bring your ghost stories!

Join Terri’s EDventures “Prescott Ghost Walk” see details on page 24 in the FA22 catalog.

In Melissa’s class, you will learn what prospectors' records were Prescott’s first documents, predating government records; where is the first lot sold in the original townsite; who are streets named after; what member of the Corp of Engineers is Fort Whipple named after; who was the mayor who went to war…and much more. Based on years of research, Melissa authored, Prescott: A Pictorial History, originally sponsored by the Chamber of Commerce and later in 4 reprints. She is one of 100 of AZ “Culture Keepers” and will share the rich history of Prescott from 1862 to 1912 with handouts, “show and tell” lectures, and a historical walking tour downtown ending with lunch (on your own) at The Palace, where her great-uncle won a mortuary business in January 1903.

 

USUI Reiki is a Japanese Energy healing technique where A Master teacher attunes the student to the symbols of Reiki. In this course the education, hands on learning and Attunements for Level 1, 2 and Master Teacher are covered. These certifications provide the credentials to begin a healing practice, teach reiki or just simply expand your own awareness and intuition. This is a spiritual journey where the master teacher offers long term support and mentorship beyond the class.

Come join English faculty member Laura Cline and members of the College Honors Program to discuss the Riders Read: The House in the Cerulean Sea by TJ Klune.  We will read together and discuss the book from various aspects and literary perspectives.

Meets Fridays: 10/14, 10/28, 11/18, 12/2, from 1-3pm. 

Do you feel like you have lost all meaning in your life? Have you lost your mind, body, spirit, and will to live? This group is for you. Explore the meaning of your grief and your emotions with the same, safe group of individuals every week. Taught by an experienced Bereavement Coordinator and group leader, this class explores your grief and gives you the tools and skills to move forward in your life.

 

 

For both beginning and continuing students, this fun class teaches the 24 movements of the most popular Chinese Government-approved Yang style "Simplified Form”, You will learn how to maximize the flow of Chi (energy), Tai Chi philosophy, history, and Mindfulness through the series of movements that are slow, continuous, relaxed, and focused. Like all Tai Chi Forms, it combines “moving meditation” with gentle revitalizing exercise as the students benefit from improved strength, conditioning, coordination, flexibility, and balance. Students also report experiencing increased energy, reduced stress, reduced pain, enhanced sleep, and/or feelings of well-being.

The Enneagram can help us to realize who we are and what our greatest potentials might be, as well as to make sense of the sometimes-confusing behavior of others. Understanding the enneagram can assist us in becoming healthier, more caring human beings. We become better able to avoid common pitfalls by becoming more present to the triggers that take us off course. It can assist us in gaining more confidence in our daily lives and in our relationships.

Analysis, writing, and revision of element within fiction, poetry, or creative nonfiction. [Repeatable for a total of 6 credit hours towards degree/certificate requirements.

Do you understand how annuities and life insurance work? You’re not the only one. The complexity of these instruments can be staggering. Gain a basic understanding of different types of annuities and life insurance, when they should be used, when they should not and some of the pitfalls to avoid.

 

If you are among the many investors who bought an investment that was gaining value and showing a promising future, only to watch helplessly as it turned down and lost you money, Why Bad Things Happen to Good Investments has the answers to keep you from making the same investment mistakes over and over. If you faithfully follow traditional investing advice, but still experience painful losses you will love the new insights that this class presents.
Discover the common reoccurring problems caused by the relentless cycles of the financial markets, and learn how to protect your money and save your retirement from being devastated.
Based upon the book by the same name, this class provides the tools you need to become pro-active about your investments, and begin to finally get the results you need to build a secure financial future.

Need more time to write your story, but life gets in the way? In this workshop, writers will have a chance to mute their busy lives to sit down and produce some focused writing. Prompts will be supplied every fifteen minutes for both the writer who is finding a new story, and for the writer who wants time to work on the story idea they already have.

The elements of classical ballet technique. Emphasis on movement quality and artistic expression.

Theory and practice of ballet at the accelerated beginning level. Development of movement quality, and performance skills.

This YC Companion course is the perfect beginning Spanish class to get your feet wet with the language. Whether you have never had any Spanish before or whether you have some experience but would now like to get more serious and really improve, this is the right course for you. The class focuses heavily on improving speaking and listening skills in Spanish. Give Spanish a try! Textbook is written by instructor and is included in tuition.

Exploration of major artistic, historical, cultural, philosophical, gender, and genre issues represented in selected works from Medieval, Renaissance, 17th and 18th century British literature.

Basic anatomy and physiology of the legs and feet. Equine conformation, movement and performance. Basic horseshoeing trimming techniques.

Introduces origins, basic production methods, and identification of major beer styles. Development of sensory evaluation skills for visual, aroma, taste, and tactile components of both typical beers and faults. Must be 21 years of age or older to enroll.

Mandatory in-person meeting on Verde Valley Campus, Saturday, September 10, 2022, Building VC.G, Room 111, 10 am - 12 pm. 

**Bridge to Credit Certificate in Brewing Technology! 
Non-credit students must pass final project in BRW100  to qualify as prior learning credit and to satisfy a pre-requisite transfer.

Cut and shape rocks into beautiful stones. Introduction to the tools, machinery and processes of the lapidary arts.

In 1863, during the height of the Civil War, several parties of intrepid prospectors discovered gold in the flanks of what became known as the Bradshaw Mountains. While the Walker party was most notable, the range was named for one of others, William Bradshaw, who died under mysterious circumstances in La Paz, on the Colorado River, in December of 1864.

We’ll explore the southern part of the range, prominent in the view from Sunset Point on I-17, visiting quirky desert communities like Cleator (home of the Cleator Bar and Yacht Club) and Bumblebee (what’s in a name?), ghost mining and railroad locales, and the little mountain town of Crown King. We will be traveling in significant part via the route of Frank Murphy’s “Impossible Railroad”, built from Mayer to Crown King in the first years of the 20th Century despite many naysayers who claimed it couldn’t be done.

Along the way, we will talk about the original Yavapai Indian inhabitants, the challenges of passage via rail, and some of the history of mining in the rugged and forbidding landscape of the Southern Bradshaws. The video link will be emailed upon registration.

 

Basic and beginning moves for the Rumba, Cha Cha, and Swing. Includes movement, music and rhythm.

For both beginning and continuing students, this fun class teaches students how to maximize the flow of Chi, (energy) utilizing the Yang Style 10 Form called "Ping Gate of Life", created by Grand Master Aiping Cheng. You will combine “moving meditation” with gentle revitalizing exercise as you benefit from improved strength, conditioning, coordination, flexibility, and balance. Students also report experiencing increased energy, reduced stress, reduced pain, enhanced sleep, and/or feelings of wellbeing. You will learn an overview of Tai Chi history, philosophy, and major influences of Tai Chi; the 10 - step Yang Style “Ping Gate of Life” from start to finish; Mindfulness and the mind-body connection in Tai Chi, and more!

For both beginning and continuing students, this fun class teaches students how to maximize the flow of Chi, (energy) utilizing the Yang Style 10 Form called "Ping Gate of Life", created by Grand Master Aiping Cheng. You will combine “moving meditation” with gentle revitalizing exercise as you benefit from improved strength, conditioning, coordination, flexibility, and balance. Students also report experiencing increased energy, reduced stress, reduced pain, enhanced sleep, and/or feelings of wellbeing. You will learn an overview of Tai Chi history, philosophy, and major influences of Tai Chi; the 10 - step Yang Style “Ping Gate of Life” from start to finish; Mindfulness and the mind-body connection in Tai Chi, and more!

Intermediate level of Tap Dance technique and artistry.

Leading southwards into Verde Valley are two spectacular red rock canyons. To the east, well-known and heavily visited Oak Creek Canyon is followed by highway, although the west flanks are wilderness area. To the west, lightly visited Sycamore Canyon is entirely wilderness area. Between the lower ends of these canyons is still more wilderness area, surrounding on three sides is a nearly unknown landscape of utterly amazing views, exotic volcanic features, and canyons so steep and wild as to require technical climbing gear to traverse. Enjoy exploring this wild country with us via remote and rugged back roads. We’ll talk about geology, natural history, and forest management; the handful of early pioneers who braved this remote wilderness; and the historic logging railroads that once traversed the area. The video link will be emailed upon registration.

 

 

You probably already use Google Maps and Gmail, but did you know Google Workspace makes many other free applications for both home and office? Google Docs, Sheets, and Slides offer free word processing, spreadsheet, and presentation software within Google Drive. In this class, you will learn basic Windows PC and Google Workplace skills, including Google Chrome, Docs, Sheets, Slides, Maps, Calendar, Contacts, and Gmail. This class will be held in a hands-on PC computer lab, and you will receive handouts each week so you can practice at home. Required: USB drive and basic computer skills.

Study of theory and design of wood lathe-turned objects. Includes wood-turning techniques, use of wood lathe and associated tooling. Application of design principles.